'R. chinensis semperflorens' rose References
Newsletter (Oct 2009) Page(s) 10. Plants of Slater’s Crimson China can still be seen growing today at the historic Kemp homestead built in Kerikeri in 1822, where a border of this small rose was planted along the front of the house.
Booklet (2009) Page(s) 28-29, 36-37. p. 28: Diploid....R. chinensis var. semperflorens, heterozygous loci 74% [Provenance: China]
p. 29: Triploid...Slater's Crimson China [Provenance: Texas A&M University material from Ralph Moore]
p. 36-27: The accession of R. chinensis var. semperflorens [ex Flower Research Inst., Yunnan] in this study was in the 'Old Blush' group based on the SSR data as well, so assuming correct collection and labeling, this example of the red variety of R. chinensis appears to be a flower color sport of 'Old Blush' or vice versa. It is also notable that this particular specimen is not identical to the specimen of 'Slater's Crimson China' (C29) [ex Ralph Moore] used in this study, though they are sometimes cross-referenced because these names have been used interchangeably at times in history (Dickerson, 1992).. In addition, these samples of R. chinensis var. semperflorens and 'Slater's Crimson China' were different ploidy levels: diploid and triploid, respectively. A rose that did prove to have the same profile as 'Slater's Crimson China' was the found rose 'Ferndale Red China' (C38) [ex Vintage Gardens], so it seems that rose has found its identity. However, there is more than one plant identified in the trade as 'Slater's Crimson China' (Piola, et al., 2002), so testing multiple sources could investigate the different clones in the trade, but would still not be able to say with certainty which were the original cultivar.
Article (magazine) (2009) Page(s) 31. R. chinensis 'Semperflorens' (= 'Slater' Crimson China') Source RJBM [Réal Jardin Botanico Madrid] Chromosome Number 21
Website/Catalog (2009) Rosa chinensis Jacq.
Habitat : Cultivated chiefly in Kannauj, Kanpur and Hathras. English : Bengal Rose, Monthly Rose. Ayurvedic : Taruni-Kantaka (nonclassical). (Flowers—crimson or pink.) Unani : Chini Gulaab. Folk : Kaantaa-Gulaab.
Action : Hips—applied to wounds, injuries, sprains and foul ulcers. R. chinensis Jacq. and R. borbonianaDesp. are synonyms of Rosa indica, found and cultivated throughout India. This variety is also known as Edward Rose or Kat Gulaab.
Article (misc) (Jun 2007) The ever blooming form of R. chinensis, R. chinensis semperflorens ,(Slater’s Crimson China) is commonly cultivated in Indian gardens. Some authorities consider that this rose has been cultivated in India for several centuries. Giant bushes could be found, almost growing wild, in the past. A Mrs. Gore, who wrote ‘The Book of Roses – a Rose Fancier’ Manual’ in 1838 and which seems to rely heavily on Monsiuer Boitard’s “The Manuel Complet’, 1836, says, “in vast thickets of the beautiful Rosa semperflorens (a native also of China) the tigers of Bengal and crocodiles of the Ganges are known to lie in wait for their prey”.
Article (magazine) (2007) Page(s) 404. Table 1. Comparison of key volatile components in representative cultivated Chinese roses and species. [adsorption volume by Solid Phase Microextraction (peak area, x10')] TMB: 1,3,5-trimehoxybenzene R. chinensis var. semperflorens Dihydro-beta-ionone 12.9 TMB 0.78
Article (magazine) (2007) Page(s) 401. ...a favorable volatile compound, dihydro-beta-ionone, was highly detected in R. chinensis var. semperflorens (Curtis) Koehne...
Book (2006) Page(s) 79. "[Bermuda] Belfield". ['Slater's Crimson China']. Ch. Rapid rebloom., Moderate fragrance. Habit [diagram] 2. Introducer & date. [Provenance: Knopf; Bermuda]. Much has been said about this rose and many are now willing to consider this the original 'Slater's Crimson China' introduced to Europe in the late 18th century; we count ourselves among them. Small, deep red flowers saturated with color, only slightly paler in the very center of the bloom, where the yellow stamens appear.
Book (1 May 2003) Rosa chinensis Jacquin, Observ. Bot. 3: 7. 1768. yue ji hua Shrubs erect, 1–2 m tall. Branchlets purple-brown, terete, robust, subglabrous; prickles abundant to absent, curved, stout, flat. Leaves including petiole 5–11 cm; stipules mostly adnate to petiole, free parts auriculate, margin entire, often glandular-pubescent, apex acuminate; rachis and petiole sparsely prickly and glandular-pubescent; leaflets 3–5, rarely 7, greenish abaxially, dark green adaxially, broadly ovate or ovate-oblong, 2.5–6 × 1–3 cm, both surfaces subglabrous, adaxially often shiny, base subrounded or broadly cuneate, margin acutely serrate, apex long acuminate or acuminate. Flowers 4 or 5 and fasciculate, rarely solitary, slightly fragrant or not, 4–5 cm in diam.; pedicel 2.5–6 cm, subglabrous or glandular-pubescent; bracts 1–3, linear, glabrous, margin glandular or entire, apex acute. Hypanthium ovoid-globose or pyriform, glabrous. Sepals 5, deciduous, ovate, sometimes leaflike, abaxially glabrous, adaxially densely villous, margin entire or few pinnately lobed, rarely entire, apex caudate. Petals 5, semi-double or double, red, pink, white, or purple, obovate, base cuneate, apex emarginate. Styles free, exserted, nearly equaling stamens, pubescent. Hip red, ovoid or pyriform, 1–2 cm in diam., glabrous. Fl. Apr–Sep, fr. Jun–Nov. 2n = 21*, 28*. Native in Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan; also widely cultivated in China [widely cultivated elsewhere].
Book (1 May 2003) Rosa chinensis var. chinensis yue ji hua (yuan bian zhong) Rosa nankinensis Loureiro; R. sinica Linnaeus. Branches robust, often with hooked prickles. Flowers double or semi-double, several, rarely solitary. Leaflets 3–5, rarely 7, abaxially dark green. Petals red, pink or white. Sepals often with a few lobes. Cultivated in China [widely cultivated elsewhere, of cultivated origin]. A famous Chinese ornamental plant with many widely cultivated horticultural forms
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