[From
Gärtner-Dynastie von Freundlich und ihre Rosen, by Jota Arbatskaja, 2016:] Father Karl August ("Fedorowitsch") Freundlich ......was a talented gardener, specializing mainly in the cultivation of roses, while working in the Imperial greenhouses in Tsarskoye Selo, on the position of the court gardener, and then - the principal court gardener, has created a whole series of new roses of his own selection.....
experiments in breeding of standard roses by grafting on wild species - R. canina and R. Manetti, and especially using the second rootstock became the greatest achievement of Carl Freundlich, he was a pioneer in the domestic botany. French species were mostly used for rootstock: remontant - ‘La Reine’ (HP, Laffay, 1842), ‘Prince Léon Kotschoubey’ (HP, Marest, 1852), ‘Géant des Batailles’ (HP, Nérard, 1845), ‘Panachée d’Orléans’ (HP, D.Dauvesse, 1854); Bourbon - ‘Princess Adelaide’ (B, Laffay, 1845), ‘Souvenir de la Malmaison’ (B, Béluze, 1843), ‘Sidonie’ (B, Dorisy, 1846) and Tea -‘Adam’ (T, Adam, 1838), ‘Elise Sauvage’ (T, Miellez, 1838).....In 1861 Freundlich achieved dizzying success in selection: 8 new varieties of roses Pimpinellifolia at once were created by him during one year. Roses have been grown from seeds, obtained by cross-pollination, and, as might be expected, crops have been made for a few more years before that......'Pulchella' and 'Hispida' are still preserved....Karl Fedorowitsch died 1898...
