'Jacques Cartier' rose References
Website/Catalog (1986) Page(s) 22.
Jacques Cartier..... An excellent, old variety.
Book (1984) Page(s) 140.
David Ruston. A Rose Pilgrimage to Sangerhausen.
For many years Heather Rumsey has corresponded with Herr Ingomar Lang, Drector of the Sangerhausen Rosarium in East Germany and dearly wished to visit this great rose garden. I was most interested too, so we decided to tackle it together......We took lots of names, but probably the group that impressed us most of all were the Portlands, mainly because they nearly all repeat in the autumn, giving us old fashioned roses to enjoy again in the cool autumn weather, when the flowers can be superb. My list is short, all pink. 'Mme. Boll' (Boll 1859) soft pink in colour, 'Robert Perpetuel' and 'Delambre', these were produced by Moreau-Robert (1863). I must mention my old friend Jacques Cartier", this variety was absolutely superb and it is one of my favourite roses because there always seems to be a few flowers on it in the autumn.
Website/Catalog (1984) Page(s) 18.
Hybrid Perpetual Roses
Marquise Boçella (1842)
Tall bloom stems are very prickly topped by a large, soft pink, very double pompon of a bloom with a center eye. The bloom is very fragrant; it blooms over and over again. The foliage is medium green and wavy.
Book (1984) Page(s) 68. Includes photo(s).
'Jacques Cartier'
Obtenu par Moreau-Robert en 1868.
Hauteur 1 à 1,20 m - Fleurs: diam. 8 cm.
Le rosier, compact et érigé, se couvre de feuilles vert clair et dont la foliole terminale s'allonge, très étriote. Les fleurs doubles, à quartiers et douées d'un œil en bouton, éclosent en rose vif mais passent rapidement à un rose clair, très blanchi sur les bords. Après la floraison de l'été, vient une période de repos, mais la floraison de septembre est très gönéreuse et les fleurs, du fait que la lumière et la chaleur se sont adoucies, s'affadissent moins, conservent leur rose vif du début de l'épanouissement. C'est à l'arrière-saison que je préfère 'Jacques Cartier' et je ne me lasse pas l'admirer alors, à l'Haÿ-les-Roses. Indubitablement, on doit le classer parmi les plus beaux de tous les rosiers, au même titre que 'Comte de Chambord'.
Book (1983) Page(s) 76. Includes photo(s).
Jacques Cartier (1868). This rose must be one of the most popular of the group. Flowers about 100mm across, opening clear rich pink, later fading to paler pink. The flowers are quartered, have button eyes and are fragrant.
Website/Catalog (1982) Page(s) 20. Jacques Cartier (Damascena) Full, flat flowers of clear pink. Recurrent and with a strong scent. 1868. H. (S) 4 x 3’.
Book (1981) Page(s) 355.
Jacques Cartier. P. (Moreau-Robert, 1868). Opening intense pink, fading with age, center darker, large, double, fragrant, June, non-recurrent; growth medium, upright; foliage light green.
Book (1978) Page(s) 185.
Jacques Cartier Tall. Pink. Remontant. Perfume 3. Hips 2. Recommendation *
A pretty pink rose; when fully open it reminds me of an over double carrnation, because although it opens with a rounded centre like 'Comte de Chambord', the petals finally point up instead of out. Pleasing in colour, well filled as a shrub, but disappointing in scent. It was introduced by Moreau-Robert in 1868; but shortly afterwards, everyone was growing Hybrid Perpetuals, and the Portlands were forgotten.
Book (1974) Page(s) 55.
Leonie Bell. The Autumn Damask Roses.
Perhaps the best example of Autumn Damask is the one found in several locations in the cold eastern part of this country. The June crop has no sooner faded, the pale pink petals persisting in an unsightly dark lump which should be removed, than new shoots emerge, rusty-red and taper-leaved, from the first node close beneath the petiole. Through summer, hardly a week passes than an established plant does not provide a few small clusters of buds, always tight together in the Damask Perpetual way.
When Douglas and I investigated the sad remains of some pale-flowered rose that, in its struggle to survive, had sent up a single shoot from deep within a tangle of long-dead canes, we were astonished to recognize the rose that is presently known as ‘Jacques Cartier’. (One set of leaves and buds is all that is needed to identify this rose.)
How could it be growing there, an obviously old, own-root plant, in a cemetery near Easton, Pennsylvania, in 1969? Though we knew it then as ‘Jacques Cartier’, we also knew that that name has not appeared in a single rose list or catalogue on this side of the Atlantic, from 1844 through 1957 (when the Bobbink & Atkins Nursery stopped distributing old roses).
My first exposure to the rose occurred in 1960 when a plant from the Tillotson nursery, labeled ‘Coquette des Alpes’ (1867), first flowered here. It didn’t take long to realize that here was a rose of much earlier introduction. Any rose hybridizer with the specialized tastes of the 1860s would have pitched it to the burning heap as a throwback. Once the smooth, deeply cupped fullness of the Hybrid Perpetuals came into rose fashion, nothing less would do. Here was a rose of an earlier period when the quartered, pouf-centred shape, so long as it kept blooming, was quite acceptable.
Meanwhile, in England, Graham Thomas had imported from the Roseraie de l’Hay in Paris a small collection of “Portland Roses”, or Autumn Damasks. In the 1960 edition of his book Old Shrub Roses, in the section ‘Further Gleanings”, he described one of them with enthusiasm: ‘Jacques Cartier’ (1868). By 1962, my plant seemed much like Mr. Thomas’ Portland, a rose in the correct class but with an introductory date equally suspect.
After Nancy Steen, New Zealand, identified it merely by close observation of Dorothy Stemler’s excellent black/white photograph in the Tillotson catalogue, the name was changed in the 1964 edition of that to ‘Jacques Cartier’.
I did not question that identification, though, until 1970, while walking along his nursery rows with Joe Kern, in Mentor, Ohio. He pointed out an old rose that he frequently included in orders when people asked for “something old and good, that will rebloom”, that has become a favorite of his: ‘Marquise de Bocelle’. At that time, he did not list ‘Jacques Cartier among his over 700 varieties, yet there it was, full of bloom and only 15 inches high.
That discovery sent me into serious research and intense questioning. Briefly, in the past 20 years in the United States, it has been variously identified and shared: By Mrs. Harreitt Foote (Massachusetts) as ‘Coquette des Alpes’, a Bourbon of 1867; by Roy Shepherd (Ohio), who gave plants to Howard Tenner (Connecticut) as ‘Marquise Bocella’ but later described it in his book History of the Rose (1954), as Leda, or Painted Damask, although he admitted “it repeats more freely than most [Damasks]”; and by Richard Thomson, who supplied Will Tillotson with budwood of the rose. Mr. Kern’s stock came from Kinderhook, New York. None of it had been imported in this century.
The next step was to look for the name, ‘Marquise Bocella’, in 19th-century books. Did American nurserymen import it? Robert Buist did not mention it in his Manual of 1844. In the 1851 edition, he did. Among “Remontantes, or Hybrid Perpetual Rose”, one finds: ‘Marquise Bocella’ quite a favorite, being a distinct dwarf variety, with pale silvery blush flowers, very double blooming freely the entire season.
In Buist’s index of 1851, “Bocella’ loses one ‘c’. William Paul, back in England, listed in 1848, among “Hybrid Perpetuals” (with no explanation for the Italian spelling of a French name): Marquisa Boccella: Flowers delicate pink, their circumference almost blush, large and full; form, compact. Habit, erect; growth, robust. A beautiful rose, and very sweet; the petals small in comparison to others of the group, but more numerous. Raised by M. Desprez at Yebles. By the 8th edition of The Rose Garden, in 1881, he omitted it. The rose had by then gone completely out of style.
Henry Ellwanger (Rochester, New York) thought so little of Damask Perpetuals when he published The Rose in 1882 that he not only left out a description of the class, he included only one representative of it, ‘Rose du Roi’ in his list of 956 roses.
The thread of evidence surfaces again in a Dingee and Conard (West Grove, Pennsylvania; presently, Conard-Pyle Roses catalogue of 1892. Among a huge assortment of the latest roses were offered a generous number of sentimental favorites. Among the “Hardy Hybrid Perpetuals” is Marquise de Bocella’ Creamy white and flesh color, centre rosy blush, full and double; an excellent bloomer, very fragrant, hardy and desirable. 15 cts. So the name still clung to the rose here 80 years ago, although the spelling had entered its 5th rendition.
I cannot locate this rose in any of the Bobbink & Atkins catalogues, by whatever name or however spelled. Yet it appeared in Howard Tenner’s exceedingly long list of Hybrid Perpetuals in the American Rose Annual 1951 as: Marquisa di Bocelle. Medium, upright, bushy, thorny growth. Very full bloom. 85 petals. Blooms are silvery pink to light flesh. Fragrant. Medium pruning.
Modern Roses 6 reveals the year of introduction: Marquise Bocella. (Desprez, 1842) found most likely in a catalogue of Desprez roses, the last piece of the puzzle that explains this fascinating rose. The year 1842 was the most logical time for the peaking of the Autumn Damask class. That same year, Laffay brought out what was to become the first Hybrid Perpetual as we presently define that class: ‘La Reine’, with its almost thornless wood, smooth leaves, and deeply cupped blooms. From then on, Damask Perpetuals quickly lost favor in the clamor for roses of heavier petal and rounded form – no matter that many of them, while acquiring style, often lost the ability to rebloom well, and most of their rose fragrance.
In 1972, Douglas and I found the proud Marquise flourishing in a cemetery in Philadelphia, unpruned, unsprayed, covered with bloom on branches that reached 6 feet as they do in my own garden. That same day we found 2 more venerable plants in the formal garden at Wyck (the house of which was built in 1690) in Germantown. To the many generations of the one family that have lived there, it is known simply as “the Crown Rose.”
Book (1971) Page(s) 155, 201.
p. 155: The Damask Roses ...Portland ....The following varieties are still in cultivation: ....Jacques Cartier, 1868. Light pink, a vigorous variety, light geen leaves. Pronounced button eye.
p. 201: Further Gleanings: 1960 .....Jacques Cartier, 1868. Compact and erect habit with plenty of light-green leaves, the terminal leaflet exceptionally long and narrow. Sepals often pronouncedly foliaceous. Flowers similae to those of 'Comte de Chambord', very full, quartered and with button eyes. Very fragrant. 4 feet.
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