Robusta is a great hy. rugosa. Very attractive single but sizeable bright red flowers with good substance in generous quickly repetative clusters. Growth is very vigorous and rapid....the name robusta is very fitting. Foliage is large glossy and attractive while canes are stiff and viciously thorny. The thorny canes are attractive in winter. Robusta has been hardy without winter protection here in zone 5b. This rose can grow fairly large quickly and seems always in bloom with color and quantity rare in hy. rugosas. In my experience it can be grown reliably in partial shade as I find it to be quite shade tolerant. One of my plants grows in full sun the other gets from 3 to 4 and a half hours direct sun depending on time of year during growing season..both bloom and perform well. An excellent rose in all regards except that it lacks fragrance.