(30 Nov 2000)  
 
49. Clematis chinensis Osbeck, Dagb. Ostind. Resa. 205, 242. 1757.
wei ling xian
Vines woody, turning black on drying. Branches longitudinally 8--14-grooved, glabrous or sparsely or ± densely puberulous. Leaves pinnate, usually 5-foliolate; petiole 1.8--7.5 cm; leaflet blades ovate, narrowly so, or lanceolate, sometimes lanceolate-linear or orbicular-ovate, 1.5--9.5 × 0.7--6.4 cm, papery, both surfaces subglabrous or very sparsely puberulous only on basal veins, or abaxially ± densely puberulous, base rounded, broadly cuneate, or subcordate, margin entire, apex attenuate, acuminate, or acute, rarely obtuse or rounded; basal veins abaxially ± prominent. Cymes axillary or terminal, usually paniclelike and many flowered, rarely 1(--3)-flowered; peduncle 3--8.5 cm; bracts petiolate and elliptic to oblong or sessile, small, and linear. Flowers 1.2--2.2 cm in diam. Pedicel 1.4--3 cm, sparsely pubrulous. Sepals 4, white, spreading, obovate-oblong, oblanceolate, or lanceolate, 6--20 × 1.8--4 mm, abaxially puberulous near apex, adaxially glabrous, margin abaxially velutinous, apex acute. Stamens 3--6 mm, glabrous; anthers narrowly obong to linear, 2--3.5 mm, apex minutely apiculate or subobtuse. Ovaries pubescent. Style 3--5 mm, densely villous. Achenes elliptic, 5--7 × 3.5--4 mm, appressed puberulous; persistent style 1.8--4 cm, plumose. Fl. Jun--Sep, fr. Aug--Nov.
Scrub, slopes, along streams; 100--1500 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, S Henan, Hubei, Hunan, S Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, S Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan (including Ryukyu Islands), Vietnam].

(30 Nov 2000)  Page(s) 366.  
 
Clematis glauca Willdenow, Berlin Baumz. 65. 1796
....fen lu tie xian lian
Clematis orientalis Linnaeus var. glauca Maximowicz.

Vines suffruticose. Branches shallowly 4--8-grooved, sparsely puberulous to subglabrous. Leaves 1- or 2-pinnate; petiole 2.5--8.5 cm; leaflet blades narrowly elliptic, oblong, or ovate, 1.5--5 × 1--1.8 cm, papery, undivided or 3-lobed, both surfaces glabrous, abaxially sometimes very sparsely puberulous on basal veins, glabrescent, glaucous, base rounded to broadly cuneate, margin entire or to 2-dentate, apex obtuse to ± acute and mucronate; basal veins abaxially nearly flat, inconspicuous. Cymes axillary, (1--)3-flowered to rarely many flowered; peduncle 2--4.5(--8) cm; bracts narrowly oblong, lanceolate, or ovate, 0.4--2(--5) cm, undivided or 3-lobed. Flowers 1.6--3 cm in diam. Pedicel 2--7 cm, sparsely puberulous. Sepals 4, yellow, ascending, narrowly ovate to lanceolate, 1.3--2 × 0.4--0.8 cm, abaxially glabrous except for velutinous margin, adaxially glabrous or apically puberulous, apex acute. Stamens 7--9 mm; filaments puberulous; anthers narrowly oblong to linear, 2.2--4 mm, glabrous, apex obtuse. Ovaries puberulous. Style 6--10 mm, densely villous. Achenes narrowly ovate to obovate, ca. 3 × 1.6 mm, puberulous; persistent style to 5 cm, plumose. Fl. Jun--Aug, fr. Aug--Oct.
Slopes, scrub; 1000--2600 m. Gansu, E Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Xinjiang [Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia (Siberia)].

(30 Nov 2000)  Page(s) 377.  
 
Clematis leschenaultiana de Candolle, Syst. Nat. 1: 151. 1817.
.... xiu mao tie xian lian

Clematis acuminata de Candolle subsp. leschenaultiana (de Candolle) Brühl; C. acuminata var. leschenaultiana (de Candolle) Kuntze; C. angustifolia Hayata (1913), not Jacquin (1786); C. caesariata Hance; C. leschenaultiana var. angustifolia Hayata; C. leschenaultiana var. denticulata Merrill.

Vines woody. Branches, petioles, peduncles, and pedicels densely pubescent. Branches shallowly 8--10-grooved. Leaves ternate; petiole 3.5--11 cm; leaflet blades ovate, narrowly ovate, or ovate-elliptic, 5--11 × 2.2--6 cm, papery, abaxially ± densely pubescent, adaxially sparsely appressed pubescent, base rounded to broadly cuneate, margin denticulate, apex acuminate; basal veins abaxially prominent. Cymes axillary, 3--10-flowered; peduncle 0.8--7 cm; bracts simple, lanceolate to linear, 1--2 cm, sometimes foliaceous and ternate. Flowers 1.5--2 cm in diam. Pedicel 2--5 cm. Sepals 4, yellowish, erect, lanceolate-oblong to oblong-ovate, 1.6--2.2 × 0.5--0.8 cm, papery, abaxially densely yellowish brown velutinous, adaxially sparsely puberulous only near apex, apex ± acute and often recurved. Stamens 1--1.7 cm; filaments basally pubescent, apically villous; anthers narrowly oblong, 2.5--3.5 mm, glabrous, apex obtuse. Ovaries puberulous. Style ca. 1 cm, densely villous. Achenes subfusiform, 4.5--6 × 1--1.2 mm, puberulous; persistent style 3--4 cm, plumose. Fl. Jan--Feb, fr. Mar--Apr.

Scrub on slopes; 500--1200 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan [Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam].

(30 Nov 2000)  Page(s) 351.  
 
Clematis parviloba Gardner & Champion, Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 1: 241.1849.
....lie ye tie xian lian
Vines woody, often turning black on drying. Branches shallowly 6-grooved, puberulous or pubescent. Leaves 2-pinnate or 2-ternate, rarely 1-pinnate; petiole 3--8.5 cm; leaflet blades ovate, narrowly so, or lanceolate, 1.5--7(--8.5) × 0.7--4 (--5.5) cm, papery, abaxially usually densely appressed puberulous, adaxially puberulous or subglabrous, base rounded or broadly cuneate, margin entire or 1-dentate or sparsely serrate on each side, apex attenuate, acute, or acuminate; basal veins nearly flat. Cymes both axillary and terminal, (1--)5--9(to many)-flowered; peduncle 2.8--10 cm; bracts narrowly ovate, undivided or 3-lobed. Flowers 1.5--4.6 cm in diam.; pedicel 1.2--3 cm, densely puberulous; bracteoles ovate or elliptic. Sepals 4, white, spreading, lanceolate, oblong, or obovate-oblong, 1--2.4 × 0.4--1.2 cm, abaxially appressed sericeous-puberulous, adaxially glabrous, margin velutinous, apex subacute. Stamens 5--17 mm, glabrous; anthers oblong or narrowly so, rarely linear, 1--3 mm, apex obtuse. Ovaries pubescent; style 6--9 mm, densely villous. Achenes compressed, ovate or narrowly elliptic, 3--5 × 2--2.8 mm, pubescent, indistinctly or not marginate; persistent style 2--3.2 cm, plumose. Fl. Apr--Oct.

* Forest margins, slopes, scrub, along streams; 800--2500 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, S Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, S Zhejiang.

(30 Nov 2000)  
 
 Clematis courtoisii Handel-Mazzetti, Acta Horti Gothob. 13: 200. 1939-1940.
Vines perennial, herbaceous. Stems shallowly longitudinally 5-grooved, sparsely pubescent, often glabrescent; nodes swollen. Leaves 1- or 2-ternate, or pinnate; petiole 3--7 cm, base ± dilated; leaflet blades elliptic, narrowly ovate, or ovate, 3--6.5 × 1.4--2 cm, papery, undivided or sometimes 3-lobed, both surfaces sparsely pubescent on veins, abaxially ± reticulate, base broadly cuneate, rounded, or truncate, margin entire, apex acuminate to acute; basal veins abaxially prominent. Cyme axillary, 1-flowered; peduncle 2.5--7 cm; bracts shortly petiolate, ovate to broadly ovate, 3.4--6.2 cm, margin entire. Flowers 5--9.5 cm in diam. Pedicel 3.4--6.8 cm, densely puberulous. Sepals 6, white or tinged purplish, long elliptic to elliptic, 2.7--5 × 1--2.3 cm, abaxially sparsely pubescent along central vein and velutinous along lateral veins, adaxially glabrous, margin glabrous, apex acute. Stamens 0.8--1.7 cm, glabrous; anthers linear, 4.5--6 mm, apex minutely apiculate or ± obtuse. Ovaries pubescent. Style ca. 4 mm, densely yellowish villous. Achenes obovate, 3.5--4.5 × 2--4 mm, sparsely pubescent; persistent style 1.2--3 cm, yellow plumose. Fl. May--Jun, fr. Jun--Jul.
* Forests, slopes, along streams; 200--500 m. Anhui, SE Henan, E Hubei, E Hunan, S Jiangsu, N Zhejiang.
 

(30 Nov 2000)  
 
Clematis javana de Candolle, Syst. Nat. 1: 152. 1817.
Clematis grata Wallich var. lobulata Rehder & E. H. Wilson; C. grata var. ryukiuensis Tamura; C. taiwaniana Hayata.

Vines woody. Branches shallowly 5- or 6-grooved, densely puberulous. Leaves pinnate, 1- or 2-ternate; petiole 4.2--9.7 cm; leaflet blades ovate, deltoid, or elliptic, (2.3--)3.7--7.6(--13) × 2--5.6(--10) cm, papery, often 3-lobed, abaxially usually densely sericeous-puberulous to rarely sparsely puberulous, adaxially sparsely puberulous or glabrous, base cordate, obtuse, or cuneate, margin coarsely dentate, apex acuminate to narrowly acuminate; basal veins abaxially ± prominent. Cymes axillary, usually many flowered; peduncle 3.2--6.4 cm; bracts elliptic to lanceolate, undivided or 3-lobed. Flowers 1.5--2.5 cm in diam. Pedicel 1.6--2 cm, densely puberulous. Sepals 4, white, spreading, obovate-oblong to obovate-lanceolate, 9--15 × 3--5 mm, abaxially densely puberulous, adaxially puberulous, apex acute. Stamens 4--8 mm, glabrous; anthers oblong, 1.2--2 mm, apex obtuse. Ovaries puberulous. Style 5--7 mm, densely villous. Achenes narrowly elliptic to fusiform, 2.5--3 × 1.2--1.5 mm, puberulous; persistent style 1.6--3 cm, yellowish plumose. Fl. Apr--Sep, fr. Aug--Sep.
Forest margins, along streams, open areas; sea level to 2500 m. Taiwan [Indonesia, Japan (Ryukyu Islands), Papua New Guinea, Philippines].

(30 Nov 2000)  
 
Clematis songorica var. aspleniifolia (Schrenk) Trautvetter, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou. 33(1): 56. 1860.
蕨叶铁线莲 jue ye tie xian lian
Clematis aspleniifolia Schrenk in Fischer & C. A. Meyer, Enum. Pl. Nov. 2: 68. 1842; C. aspleniifolia var. boissieriana (Korshinsky) Krasch; C. boissieriana Korshinsky; C. songorica var. intermedia Trautvetter.
Lower leaves undivided, upper ones pinnatisect. Sepals adaxially glabrous. Anthers 3--4 mm.
Grassy areas, gravelly banks, along streams; 500--2500 m. W Xinjiang [Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan].

(2001)  
 
Determination key:
1 Herbs perennial; disc not well developed, annular. (2)
2 Leaflets and segments (of proximal leaves) more than 9, at least some of them segmented; carpels hairy or glabrous (3)
3 Leaflets and segments of proximal leaves up to 20, some of them entire, mostly more than 2 cm wide. (4)
4 Carpel 1 (or 2) P. emodi

Paeonia emodi Wallich ex Royle, Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. 1: 57. 1834.
duo hua shao yao
Paeonia emodi f. glabrata (J. D. Hooker & Thomson) H. Hara; P. emodi var. glabrata J. D. Hooker & Thomson.

Herbs perennial, to 70 cm tall. Stems glabrous. Proximal leaves 2-ternate; some leaflets segmented; leaflets and segments up to 15, oblong-elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, 9--13 × 2--3.5 cm, both surfaces glabrous, base cuneate, decurrent, apex acuminate. Flowers 2--4 per shoot, both terminal and axillary, single, 8--12 cm wide, all or only terminal one fully developed. Bracts 3--6, leaflike, lanceolate. Sepals ca. 3, suborbicular, ca. 1.5 × 1.5 cm, apex caudate. Petals white, obovate, ca. 4.5 × 2.4 cm. Filaments 1.5--2 cm. Disc annular. Carpel 1(or 2), pale yellow tomentose, rarely glabrous. Follicles ovoid, 2--3.5 × 1--2 cm. Seeds black, globose. Fl. May--Jun, fr. Aug--Sep.
Thickets; 2300--2800 m. S Xizang [Tibet] (Gyirong Xian) [NW India, Kashmir, W Nepal, N Pakistan].

(2001)  
 
Paeonia mairei H. Léveillé, Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 25: 42. 1915.
mei li shao yao
Paeonia bifurcata Schipczinsky; P. mairei f. oxypetala (Handel-Mazzetti) W. P. Fang; P. oxypetala Handel-Mazzetti.
Herbs perennial, to 1 m tall. Roots thick, attenuate toward tip. Rhizomes ca. 2 cm in diam. Stems glabrous. Proximal leaves 2-ternate; some leaflets segmented; leaflets and segments up to 19, oblong-ovate or oblong-lanceolate, 6--16.5 × 1.8--7 cm, glabrous, base cuneate, apex usually acuminate. Flowers solitary, terminal, single, 7.5--14 cm wide. Bracts 1--3, leaflike or linear, to 9 cm. Sepals 3--5, green, broadly ovate, 1--1.5 × 0.9--1.2 cm. Petals 7--9, pink to red, obovate, 3.5--7 × 2--4.5 cm, apex usually rounded. Filaments purple-red; anthers yellow. Disc yellow, annular. Carpels 2 or 3, sparsely to densely yellow shortly hirsute, sometimes glabrous. Styles to 4 mm; stigmas red. Follicles 3--3.5 × 1--1.2 cm. Fl. Apr--May, fr. Aug. 2n = 20*.
* Deciduous broad-leaved forests; 1500--2700 m. SE Gansu, NW Guizhou, SW Hubei, S Shaanxi, C and S Sichuan, NE Yunnan.

(2001)  
 
Paeonia obovata Maximowicz, Prim. Fl. Amur. 29. 1859.
cao shao yao
Herbs perennial, 30--70 cm tall. Roots thick, attenuate toward tip. Stems glabrous. Proximal leaves spreading or ascending, 2-ternate; leaflets obovate, 5--14 × 4--10 cm, glabrous to densely pubescent or hirsute abaxially, glabrous adaxially, base cuneate, margin entire, apex rounded or acute. Flowers solitary, terminal, single, 7--12 cm wide. Bracts 1 or 2, unequal. Sepals (2 or)3(or 4), unequal, 1.5--3 × 1.5--2 cm, apex mostly rounded. Petals 4--7, spreading or incurved, white, rose, pink-red, red, purple-red, or rarely white with a pinkish base or margin, obovate, 3--5.5 × 1.8--2.8 cm. Filaments white, green-yellow, or purple proximally and white distally to wholly purple; anthers yellow, orange-red, or dark purple. Disc yellow, annular. Carpels (1 or)2 or 3(--5), glabrous; ovary green. Stigmas red. Follicles gradually recurved, ellipsoid, 2--3 cm. Seeds black, glossy. Fl. May--Jun, fr. Sep.
Deciduous broad-leaved, mixed broad-leaved, and coniferous forests; 200--2800 m. Anhui, SE Gansu, N Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, SE and W Henan, W Hubei, NW Hunan, N Jiangxi, E Jilin, Liaoning, SE Nei Mongol, S Ningxia, E Qinghai, S Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, NW Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, Russia (Far East)].

1 Leaves abaxially usually glabrous or sparsely (rarely densely) pubescent or hirsute subsp. obovata
+ Leaves abaxially usually densely (rarely sparsely) pubescent or hirsute subsp. willmottiae