(1920)  Page(s) 49.  Includes photo(s).
 
Rosa "Edith Cavell"
"Edith Cavell" Rose
Garden Hybrid
Family Rosaceae, Rose Family
This is one of the latest introductions among the dwarf polyantha roses, and it is of first class merit. The growth is vigorous and clean, and the flowers, borne in great profusion in large clusters, are of a brilliant scarlet overlaid with deep velvety crimson, a unique color in its class; it should be neglected by none who favor this type of rose. It blossoms freely in the early summer, with scattering bloom following until fall, when it again flowers more freely. Specimens of this rose have been in the rose garden at the New York Botanical Garden since the spring of 1919; they were presented by Messrs. Bobbink & Atkins of Rutherford New Jersey, who inform me that this rose was originated in 1917 by Jan Spek, of Boskoop, Holland. It is from one of these specimens that the illustration was prepared.
The "Edith Cavell" rose is of bushy habit, attaining a height, under favorable conditions, of two feet. The stems are glabrous, with broad flat thorns a quarter of an inch long or less. The leaves are up to four or five inches long, the rachis, at least of the lower ones, with small spines; the ciliate-toothed stipules are adnate to the rachis, or sometimes the very apex is free. The leaflets are usually seven, or those of the uper leaves only five, on very short stalks; they are elliptic to oval and have the margins crenate-serrate; the base is rounded or somewhat acute, and the apex acute. The flower-clusters are large and showy, the branches, especially the flower-stalks, glandular-hispid; the bracts resemble the stipules. The double flowers are an inch and a half in diameter, or sometimes more. The sepals are toothed or lobed. The petals are broadly obovate, usually more or less retuse, and of a brilliant scarlet, overlaid with deep velvety crimson.  —George V. Nash

Explanation of Plate. Fig. 1.—Flower cluster. Fig. 2.—Portion of stem and leaf. 

(10 Nov 1923)  Page(s) 37 vol 8.  Includes photo(s).
 
(Plate 275)
ROSA PALUSTRIS
Swamp Rose
Native of eastern North America
Rosa palustris Marsh. Arbust. 135. 1785.
The swamp rose is the most common of the wild roses of eastern North America. Its range of distribution extends from Nova Scotia to Florida, Mississippi, and Minnesota. It grows usually in wet places, in open woods and copses. It is a handsome plant but does not have the large flowers and fruit of the glossy rose, Rosa virginiana, or the delicate foliage of the pasture rose, Rosa Carolina.
Two or three decades ago this rose was usually known under the name Rosa Carolina L., but the latter name was originally given by Linnaeus in the first edition of "Species plantarum" to a rose described and figured by Dillenius in his "Hortus elthamensis." Both the description and the illustration show that Dillenius' rose was our pasture rose or the same as Rosa humilis Marsh. Later Linnaeus received specimens of the swamp rose from America. Thinking that it was the same as his Rosa Carolina, he modified his description in the second edition, so that it applied better to the swamp rose than to the original R. Carolina. Most botanists have perpetuated this error. The great Belgian rhodologist, Crépin, pointed out the discrepancy as early as 1876, but was reluctant to correct the naming of the North American roses, being afraid of causing more confusion. It is only lately that American botanists have dared to apply the proper name, Rosa palustris Marsh., to the swamp rose. This is very appropriate, as the scientific name and the common one have the same meaning.
It is a well-known fact that many hybrids have been produced artificially among the roses, but not many persons know that natural hybrids are also found among the wild species. This fact is better recognized in Europe than in America. On account of these hybrid forms, the study of the roses, both wild and cultivated, is very difficult and the lines between the species are very hard to draw. Native hybrids of Rosa palustris with Rosa blanda Ait., R. Carolina L., R. johannensis Fern., R. nitida Willd., R. serrulata Raf., and R. virginiana Mill, have been recorded.
The swamp rose is a shrub one to six feet high, with often reddish stems, armed with short recurved prickles, which are flattened and one sixth to one fourth of an inch long. The leaves are rather dull, glabrous above, finely short-hairy beneath, with seven, rarely nine, oblanceolate or oblong leaflets, which are one to three inches long, finely and closely toothed; the stipules (lobes on the leaf-stalks) are narrow, for a long distance united with the stalk, often glandular-toothed on the margins. The flowers are usually several in a cluster which is often flat-topped; the flower-stalks usually have stiff gland-tipped hairs or bristles. The sepals are lanceolate with long tail-like tips, glandular-hairy on the back, tomentose within. The petals are rose-red, reversed heart-shaped, three fifths to four fifths of an inch long. The fruit is globose or nearly so, a little less than half an inch broad, and usually a little broader than high, bright red when mature, and more or less covered by gland-tipped bristles.
P. A. Rydberg.

(31 Dec 1918)  Page(s) 73-4.  Includes photo(s).
 
Viorna Baldwinii 
Pine-hyacinth
Native of peninsular Florida Family Ranunculaceæ
Crowfoot Family
Clematis Baldwinii T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 8. 1838.
Viorna Baldwinii Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 439. 1903.
A perennial with a cluster of tough-succulent cord-like roots at the base of a hard simple or branched caudex. The stems are solitary or several together, angled or ultimately channeled, finely pubescent, at least when young, sparingly leafy, and simple or in the case of robust plants sometimes somewhat branched. The leaves are opposite, in few pairs, distant or sometimes approximate on the branches. The blades are various, either entire throughout the plant or entire on the lower part of the stem and lobed above; those of the lower leaves relatively shorter and broader than those of the upper, ovate, oval, elliptic, or lanceolate, half an inch to two inches long, obtuse or mucronate; those of the upper ones lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate, or linear, or palmately or pinnately lobed and with narrow divisions; all of them more or less pubescent beneath, at least when young, or sometimes glabrous, sparingly veined with the veins united in intramarginal loops, and sessile or with short margined petioles.  The pedicels or flower-stalks are elongate, erect, similar to the stem but more slender and more pubescent, usually copiously pubescent below the flower, the hairs white or whitish, short, crisped.  The flower is solitary at the end of each pedicel, nodding.  The calyx is campanulate, about an inch long, deep lavender and shining without, pale-lavender or whitish within, more or less swollen at the base; the sepals are sometimes faintly lined, with the spreading or recurved margins thin and crisped, often sparingly pubescent without, tomentulose within in a line along the margins.  The corolla is wanting.  The stamens are numerous, erect, borne on a receptacle just within the whorl of sepals; the filaments are filiform, but slightly flattened, sparingly villous except near the base; the anthers are linear, glabrous, decidedly shorter than the filaments, abruptly and minutely tipped at the apex. The carpels are numerous, crowded on a hemispheric receptacle, elongate; the ovary is ovoid and densely clothed with long sliky appressed hairs ; the style is filiform, densely clothed with and hidden in the long silky hairs which are loosely appressed on the lower part and closely appressed on the upper. The stigma is introrse, slightly recurved at the apex. The achenes are borne in an erect plume-like head; their bodies are ovoid, fully one sixth of an inch wide, loosely appressed-pubescent, brown, each terminating in the slenderly elongated style which is conspicuously plumose by lax sordid hairs.
The clematis-relative here described and figured represents one of the more interesting plants discovered during a period of exploration in Florida subsequent to that represented by the Bartrams. It was apparently first detected by William Baldwin, a surgeon in the United States Navy, about the end of the first decade of the last century, perhaps shortly before he was recalled to active service in the war of 1812 with Great Britain. It seems strange that Bartram did not observe this plant or at least mention it in his "Travels" if he had met with it in the field, and it is still stranger that Baldwin, who did collect it, did not refer to it in his published letters,* for, if it is not a conspicuous plant with a showy flower, it is at least attractive, and unique in the flora of Florida.
Either in flower or in fruit this plant attracts the eye. In flower the nodding bell-shaped bright flowers are different from those of any of the associated plants. The calyx resembles a large hyacinth flower, whence, in connection with the plant's habitat, namely the pinewoods, the popular name, pine-hyacinth. In fruit it attracts attention by the plumes made up of the numerous long curled hairy tails of the achenes.
By means of a stout caudex and numerous tough roots the pine-hyacinth is able to survive repeated forest fires. These, occurring frequently, sometimes almost annually, apparently rather stimulate the plant which, burned off at the surface of the ground, quickly starts afresh and sends up new flowering stems with decided vigor. The forest fires, occurring at different seasons in both neighboring and distant regions, thus prolong the flowering season of the pine-hyacinth throughout the year. Individuals planted or growing naturally in some protected area only, would give the clue to the normal flowering season of this species.
The specimens from which the accompanying plate was made were collected by the writer in pinelands bordering the Everglades along the Tamiami Trail several miles west of Miami, Florida, in May, 1918.
John K. Small.
Explanation of Plate. Fig. 1.—Flowering stem. Fig. 2.—Fruit.
*Reliquiae Baldwinianae.