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14. Clematis apiifolia DC. - Botanzuru. Slightly pubescent climber; stems rather thick below, woody, the shoots elongate, much branched, the inflorescence terminal; leaves petiolate, ternate, the leaflets nearly membranous, narrowly to broadly ovate, 4-8 cm. long, 2-5 cm. wide, acuminate, often 3-lobed, sparsely coarse-toothed, rounded to shallowly cordate at base; inflorescence pedunculate, 5-10 cm. long, rather many-flowered, cymose-paniculate; flowers white, 15-20 mm. across; sepals 4, broadly oblanceolate, spreading, short white-puberulent outside; stamens slightly shorter than the sepals, glabrous, the anthers linear, about 2 mm. long; achenes ovate, with spreading hairs, about 4 mm. long; style 1-1.2 cm. long. - Aug.-Sept. Thickets in lowlands and foothills; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common. - Korea and China.
Var. biternata Makino. C. brevicaudata sensu auct. Japon., non DC. Me-botanzuru, Ko-botanzuru. Leaves often partially twice ternate, the achenes often glabrous.

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16. Clematis crassifolia Benth. - Yama-hanshōzuru. Glabrous woody climber; stems prominendy fissured and corky, the new shoots terete; leaves petiolate, ternate, the leaflets thick-coriaceous, elliptic or broadly ovate, 8-12 cm. long, 6-8 cm. wide, obtuse, broadly cuneate to rounded at base, entire, petiolules distinct, 3-4 cm. long, stout; inflorescence axillary, many-flowered, the bracts small; sepals 4, spreading, linear- to narrowly oblong, 15-18 mm. long, 3-5 mm. wide, white-woolly on margin and inside; anthers much shorter than the filaments. - Kyushu (s. distr. incl. Yakushima and Tanegashima). - s. China and Formosa

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Clematis eriopoda Maxim. - Hime-botanzuru. Species attributed to Japan by Maximowicz, but obscure to us. Desribed as having ternate leaves, the leaflets ovate, 3-sected, incise-toothed, the median lobes hnear, the lateral ones ovate, 2-2.5 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, the peduncles solitary, 1-flowered, bracteate, villous above; sepals 4, nearly spreading, elliptic, densely silky outside, slighdy longer than the stamens; filaments nearly glabrous, much longer than the anthers.

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11. Clematis florida Thunb. Anemone japonica Houtt.; C. hakonensis Fr. & Sav. - Tessen. Slightly pubescent, often glabrate woody herb; stems scandent, slender; leaves petiolate, 1 or 2 times ternate, the median primary petiolules longer than the lateral, the ultimate leaflets ovate to narrowly so, usually entire, rather chartaceous, 2-4 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, acute; peduncles 1-flowered, solitary on the axils, about 10 cm. long, with a pair of leaflike simple bracts near middle; flowers white, large, 5-8 cm. across; sepals usually 6, spreading, ovate, acute, with a longitudinal band of soft short dense pubescence on each side externally; anthers linear, 3-5 mm. long, the filaments linear, about twice as long as the anthers, glabrous, blackened when dry; carpels silky. - May-June. Chinese plant long grown as an ornamental in our area; several cultivars are known.
 

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19. Clematis fujisanensis Hisauchi & Hara. C. hyushuensis Tamura  - Fuji-sennin-sō. Nearly glabrous climber, to 5 m. high; leaves 20-25 cm. long, 10-13 cm. wide, 3- to 5-foliolate, the peuoles 5-7 cm. long, the leaflets deep green, chartaceous, petiolulate, ovate, ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, 2-9 cm. long, very acute, entire, rarely unequally bifid, 5-nerved, white-pubescent while young, soon becoming glabrous, the petiolules 1-4 cm. long; panicles corymbose, few to many-flowered, nearly glabrous to sparsely pubescent, with minute subulate-deltoid bracts, the pedicels 2-3 cm. long; flowers 1.5-3 cm. across, white; sepals oblong-lanceolate, rounded, mucronate, sparingly pilose on outer side near tip, white-tomentulose on margin; stamens many, the anthers linear, 2-3 mm. long; achenes oblong or rhombic-oblong, about 5 mm. long, 3 mm. wide, appressed white-puberulent, the style 2.5-4 cm. long, with ascending-spreading white hairs. - Aug.-Sept Honshu (Kanto Distr. and westw.), Kyushu; rare.

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2. Clematis fusca Turcz. C. kamtschatica Bong.; C. fusca var. kamtschatica Regel & Tiling; C. fusca var. ajanensis Regel & Tiling; C. fusca var. yezoensis Miyabe - Kurobana-hanshōzuru. Rather firm perennial herb, woody at the base, sometimes scandent above, more or less brownish pubescent on young parts; leaves pinnate, 5- to 9-foliolate, petioled, the leaflets firm-chartaceous, narrowly to broadly ovate, 2-7 cm. long, 1-4 cm. wide, entire, petioluled, those at the base often 2- to 3-lobed; flowers terminal and axillary, broadly campanulate, nodding, 15-20 mm. long, the terminal ones bractless, die peduncle 2-7 cm. long, the lateral flowers with a pair of minute bracts, the peduncles 5-15 cm. long; sepals relatively thick, narrowly ovate, dark purple, dark brown-villous, slightly recurved at apex; anthers hnear, about 4 mm. long, the filaments villous; achenes broadly ovate, with obliquely spreading hairs; style about 2.5 cm. long, pale yellowish brown, feathery. - July-Aug. Grassy places; Hokkaido. - e. Siberia, Kamchatka, Sakhalin, and Kuriles.
 

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Clematis fusca ...Var. glabricalyx Nakai. Phase with less hairy reddish purple sepals.

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5. Clematis japonica Thunb. C. ternata Makino - Hanshō-zuru. Scandent, sparsely pubescent subshrub; leaves petiolate, ternate, the leaflets ovate or elliptic, 5-8 cm. long, 2-4 cm. wide, subsessile, 3- to 5-nerved, acuminate to acute, cuneate to obtuse at base, with coarse teeth especially on upper half; flowers 1 to few, between the bud-scales at the base of young shoots, nodding, campanulate, 2.5-3 cm. long, purplish red or brownish red, the peduncles 5-10 cm. long, with a pair of small bracts above the middle; sepals 4, broadly lanceolate to narrowly ovate, slightly fleshy, nearly glabrous except the short white-tomentose margin; stamens about half as long as the sepals, the filaments flat, pubescent above; achenes broadly lanceolate, about 6 mm. long, glabrous or sparingly pilose; style 3-3.5 cm. long. - May-June. Thickets in mountains; Honshu, Kyushu. - Forma purpureofusca Hisauchi. Peduncles shorter, bibracteate near base. - Forma villosula Ohwi. Sepals yellow-villous externally, sometimes divided.

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8. Clematis lasiandra Maxim. - Takane-hanshōzuru. Nearly glabrous scandent herb with slender woody branches; leaves petiolate, once to twice ternately compound, thin, the leaflets broadly lanceolate to broadly ovate, 4-8 cm. long, 1.5-4 cm. wide, acuminate, acute to shallowly cordate at base, with coarse deltoid, mucronate teeth, petiolate or subsessile; flowers solitary or 2 or 3, campanulate, 12-18 mm. long, the terminal peduncles naked, the lateral ones 2-8 cm. long, with a pair of small broadly linear bracts on lower part; sepals 4, rather thick, narrowly oblong to broadly lanceolate, nearly glabrous except the short white densely tomentose margin; stamens slightly shorter to nearly as long as the sepals, the filaments long-villous, the anthers broadly linear, about 2 mm. long; achenes many, ovate, about 3 mm. long, with spreading hairs; style slender, 2.5-3 cm. long, white. - Aug.-Oct. Honshu (Chūgoku Distr.), Shikoku, Kyushu.

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8. Clematis maximowicziana Fr. & Sav. C. paniculata Thunb., non J. F. Gmel.; C. recta var. paniculata (Thunb.) O. Kuntze; ? C. terniflora DC; C. dioscoreifolia Lév. & Van't.; C. flammula var. robusta Carr.; C. dioscoreifolia var. robusta (Carr.) Rehd.; C. terniflora var. robusta (Carr.) Tamura - Sennin-sō. Branched suffrutescent woody climber, short-pubescent only while young, becoming grayish green when dry; leaves petiolate, pinnately 5-foliolate, the leaflets petiolulate, narrowly ovate to ovate-orbicular, sometimes broadly lanceolate or deltoid-ovate, 3-7 cm. long, (l-)2-4(-6) cm. wide, 3- to 5-nerved, usually entire, someumes 2- to 3-lobed, obtuse, mucronate or acute, slightly cordate to rounded at base; inflorescence a rather many-flowered terminal panicle, 5-15 cm. long, the bracts subulate; flowers white, 2-2.8 cm. across, erect; sepals 4, spreading, oblanceolate, white-puberulent on margin; stamens 1/2-2/3 as long as the sepals, glabrous, the anthers linear, yellow, 2.5-3 mm. long; achenes rather few, ovate, 7-10 mm. long, sHghdy appressed-puberulent; style 2.5-3 cm. long, white, feathery. - Aug.-Oct. Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; very common. - Korea and China.