(1815)  Page(s) tab 42 (see tatarica).  Includes photo(s).
 
Paeonia albiflora β. Esculent Paeony....
P. albiflora, foliis biternatis: foliolis ovato-lanceolatis integris nudis capsulis recurvatis glabris. Willd. sp. pl. 2. 1222.
Paeonia albiflora. Pall. ross. 1. 92. t. 84. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. 3. 316. Georgi beschr. des russ. reichs. 3. 4. 1049
P. laeteo flore, foliis utrinque viridantibus et spleadentibus. Amman, ruth. 77. n. 103. Gmel.fl. sib. 4. 184. n. 13.
(α) P. albiflora. Andrews's reposit. 64.
(β) P. edulis. Salisb. parad. lond. 78.
(y) P. albiflora flore pleno. Andrews's reposit. 612.....

A hardy herbaceous perennial plant, native of the furthermost parts of Siberia. The root, which consists chiefly of a fascicle of parallel cylindrically tuberous fibres, is said, in the " Flora rossica," to be used by some of the Tartar tribes, as an article of food; and its seed reduced to powder, as an ingredient of their tea. The bloom of the present variety is large and showy, diffusing a very powerful, and to some people not unpleasant scent. The species was introduced by the Chevalier Pallas in 1784. Flowers about June. We are told of both a single and double variety with petals of a fine rose-colour. We have not seen either.
The peculiar membrane which in this genus surrounds the group of germens, in the present species is narrow and inconspicuous; but in a Chinese one, supposed to be the single-flowered Paeonia Moutan, envelops them entirely. By some botanists we find this part considered as an inherent and peculiar feature of the genus; by others as an incidental and partial excrescence. Mr. Brown, who had observed in the double variety of Moutan, that where there was an incipient multiplication of the group or body of germens, these formations were constantly accompanied by separate imperfect ones of this part; tells us that subsequent observations have counterbalanced the weight he at first attached to this fact, and that he is now inclined to give but little importance to the part, at least as a generic feature.
The drawing was made from specimens for which we have to thank Mr. Sabine, of Edward Street, Cavendish Square.

[Legend to the drawing] a The calyx, b A stamen, c The pistillums, d The perigynous membrane.

(1817)  Page(s) tab 238.  Includes photo(s).
 
Clematis aristata. Foemina. Fertile-flowered awned-anthered Virgin's-Bower. Polyandria Polygynia....

An unrecorded New Holland plant. Introduced most probably since the publication of the late edition of the Hortus Kewensis. The species is dioecious, having fertile pistils with sterile stamens on one plant, and sterile pistils with fertile stamens on another. The name has been adopted from the Banksian Herbarium, and was suggested to Mr. Brown by the small intermediate point which extends itself beyond the loculaments or body of the anthers.
A high-climbing evergreen shrub, mounting by means of prehensile leaves, that serve for clampers or tendrils. Leaves long-petioled, thinly beset with hairs beneath, and varicosely veined; leaflets oblongly cordate or ovate, pointed firm, somewhat fleshy, with small pointed and rather wideset teeth at the edge, otherwise entire, the terminal one the largest, and from about an inch and half to about two inches long, about one broad: petioles wiry, often twining, thinly furred, channelled above, partial ones shorter tban the leaflets. Flowers white, axillary and terminal, in corymbs of about five, upright, together with their peduncles shorter than the leaves; common peduncles opposite, thick, very short, 3 or 5 times divided, and sometimes oftener, with two opposite wide-spreading linear furred bractes; partial ones long, filiform, somewhat roughly furred, longer than the corolla, furnished below their middle with two small opposite patent hirsute bractes. Corolla 4-petalled, campanulate, upright, sometimes slightly unequal, upwards recurvedly spreading, on the outside cream-coloured and villous: petals linearly oblong, bluntly pointed, at most about three fourths of an inch long, about 2 lines broad. Filaments (in the fertile plant at least) surrounding the fascicle of the pistils in a single rank, cream-coloured: anthers adnate, pollenless or sterile. Pistils about one third shorter than the corolla, close, interlocked by entangled wool: germens small: styles bristleshaped, long, woolly: stigmas continuous, slender, subulate, yellowish.
The drawing was taken at the nursery of Messrs. Whitley, Brames, and Milne, at Fulham, where it was cultivated in the greenhouse.

(1816)  Page(s) tab 97.  Includes photo(s).
 
Clematis brachiata. Brachiate Cape-Virgin's s Bower....
An unrecorded species, and the only one of the genus from the Cape of Good Hope (where it was found growing naturally by Mr. Niven) as yet known to have blossomed in our gardens. It has been lately raised from imported seed by Mr. Middlemist, nurseryman at Shepherd's Bush. The specific name is borrowed from the Banksian Herbarium, in which we found a sample of the spontaneous plant, collected by the late Mr. Masson.
A slender evergreen branching sarmentose shrub, climbing, when it finds the means, to a considerable height, which it reaches by the help of the upper leaves, that serve as claspers, and twine themselves round whatever suits for support. Foliage of a dark shining green, brachiate, quinately winged, next the panicle often ternate, lowermost hi temate; leaflets ovately lanceolate, loosely and irregularly serrate at their upper half, three outer ones sometimes confluent: petioles slender, wiry, elastic. Peduncles axillary, opposite, upright, villous, 3-5-flowered, brachiate and shorter than the leaves ; each pedicle set in the axil of a simple ovate leaflet, one-flowered, thick, with a bibracteolated joint below the middle. Flowers coriaceous, sweetecented, of an opaque greenish buff colour, at first cernuous, afterwards less declined, entirely covered by a short close downy pile: petals 4, recurvedly rotate, acute, deciduous. Pistils held together by a long entangled close silky wool with which they are covered.
A greenhouse plant of easy culture. Propagated by layers with the facility commoa to sarmentose plants. Flowers about November.
A genus comprised in the Ranunculaceœ of Jussieu. An order by which it is the intention of Professor Decandollo to commence his arduous, and till now unattempted, enterprise, " The System of Vegetables arranged according to natural affinity." An attempt of which the proved talent of the author justifies the best expectation. He is now here to avail himself of the treasures in the library and herbarium of Sir Joseph Banks, made free to science with a munificence that has no example; and resorted to from every point of the globe with a confidence that has never been indulged in vain.
The drawing was made from a plant that flowered at the greenhouse of Messrs. Whitley, Brames, and Milne, Parson's Green, near Fulham; and we hear that at Messrs. Lee and Kennedy's nursery, Hammersmith, there is another un* recorded species of the genus from the Cape of Good Hope, which has not yet flowered here, but is expected to do so this summer.

[Legend of drawing] α A stamen. β A pistil.

(1816)  Page(s) tab 599.  Includes photo(s).
 
Clematis hedysarifolia. Birman Virgin's-Bower...
C. hedysarifolia, floribus paniculatis, foliis ternatim sectis, segmentis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis subintegris glabris ima basi 5-nerviis. Decand. loc. cit. [syst. nat.] 148.
It is from a sample gathered by Mr. Hore at Rangoon in the Birman empire, and deposited in the Banksian Herbarium, that this species has been published by M. De Candolle under the above totle. Of the immediate source from whence the plant has found its way here we are not aware, but should think from the botanic garden of calcutta, now become the depository from which the plants of the more distanta nd sequestered quarters of India are daily transmitted to this country.
The drawing was made at the Nursery of Messrs. Colvill, in the King's Road, Chelsea; where the plant is cultivated in the hothouse and flowers about October. we do not believe that it is yet in any other collection.
The genus Clematis has been remodelled by M. De Candolle in four sections or sub-genera, under the titles Flammula, Viticella, Cheiropsis, and Athragene; comprising together 83 ascertained species, and 3 doubtful ones; by some one or other of which its type is disseminated over nearly every part of the globe.
Hedysarifolium is a suffrutescent evergreen climber: branches roundish, thinly sprinkled with very fine soft hairs. leaves decussately opposite, with wide intervals between the pairs, outspread, ternate: common petiole purplish, slightly hairy, an inch and a half long or more, sometimes (especilly in the leaves next the flowers) tendril-like and prehensile; leaflets coriaceous, cinerously green, petioled, ovately oblong, entire, taper-pointed, 3-nerved. Panicles terminal and axillary, pendulous, elongatedly thyrsiform, many-flowered, branchlets stiff, decussately opposite and wide apart: pedicles slender, villous, bearing two small opposite abortive buds below their middle. Flowers white, furred on the outside, about 2/3 of an inch in diameter. Petals 4, ovally oblong, equal, ob^tuse, cruciately rotate, caducous. stamens cream-coloured, upright, about 1/4 shorter than the petals, many, smooth: filaments compressedly filiform: anthers of the same colour, linearly oblong, upright with a short obtuse point and a flattish receptacle. Pistils longer than the stamens, greenish; germens with long upright hair; styles thrice shorter than these, bare, recurved and spreading.

(1815)  Page(s) Tab. 53, Vol. I.  
 
[The double moss is] Known in this country in 1724. Miller first saw it in Dr. Boerhaave's garden at Leyden in 1717 and then took it for a variety of the Provins Rose; but afterwards, finding it of more difficult increase, changed his opinion. Usually propagated by layers...

(1828)  Page(s) tab 1208.  Includes photo(s).
 
Paeonia* Hybrida. Hybrid Paeony....

* So named by the ancients in memory of Peeon, the physician whom Homer records as having cured Pluto with this herb, when he was wounded by Hercules. We presume its virtues are altogether reserved for such august occasions, they having never been made manifest on any other, as far as we know. The παιονια of Dioscorides evidently appears, by his very particular description, to be our plant. What he distinguishes by the gratuitous appellation of male and female, are now acknowledged to be two species, though Linnaeus considers them as varieties of one, by the name of P. officinalis. — Smith in Rees' Cycl.

P. hybrida; herbacea, folliculis recurvatis pubescentibus, foliis multipartitis: laciniis linearibus acuminatis glabris, flore cernuo foliis longiore.
P. hybrida. Pall. fl. ross. 2. p. 94. t. 86. Willd. sp. pl. 2. 1223. Ait. Kew. ed. 2. 3. 316. Smith in Rees, in loco, no. 10. Decand. syst. 1. 393 ; prodr. 1. 66. Bieb.fl. taur. cauc. 2. 11. et 3. 367.
This is the most beautiful of the cut-leaved Paeonies, from all which it differs strikingly in the deeper red of its flowers. At the time of publishing the Monograph of Paeonia in the Transactions of the Linnaean Society, no other knowledge was possessed of this than was to be gathered from the figure and account given of it by Pallas in his Flora Rossica; and from these imperfect materials it was referred to P. tenuifolia, as a mere variety.
Within a few years roots have been obtained by the Horticultural Society from several quarters, and the study of them in a growing state has now made it evident that it is a genuine species. At least, we have Mr. Sabine's
authority to say that such is his opinion; and this, in the genus Paeony, must have great weight.
From the observations of the same gentleman, we learn that the characters which can be certainly depended upon in distinguishing P. hybrida from P. tenuifolia, are, firstly, the nodding flower of the former, as contrasted with the erect flower of the latter; secondly, the greater length of the peduncle, by which the flower of P. hybrida is elevated distinctly above the leaves, while that of P. tenuifolia is always overtopped by them; and, lastly, in the greater breadth of the leaves of P. hybrida. From P. anomala it is readily separated by its downy, not smooth, fruit.
Pallas states, that he first observed this in the Petersburgh Garden, coming up among P. tenuifolia and P. anomala, whence he inferred that it was hybrid between those two species. He, however, subsequently found it wild in Tauria; and there now appears in the opinion of Russian Botanists to be no ground for the notion of its hybrid origin. It is said, upon the authority of Dr. Fischer, to be wild about the Volga.
According to Marschall von Bieberstein, it is native of grassy places in the promontory of the Caucasus, especially about Stauropolis; but it is very rare in Tauria. The same writer adds, that it propagates itself without variation from seeds; and that P. laciniata of Willdenow, cited to P. tenuifolia by M. Decandolle, is the same as P. hybrida.
Our drawing was made in May 1828, in the Garden of the Horticultural Society. J.L. [John Lindley]

(1821)  Page(s) tab 538.  Includes photo(s).
 
ROSA lawranceana. Miss Lawrance's Rose...
R. lawranceana, nana: foliolis ovatis acutis argutè serratis, petalis acuminatis, ovariis 7-8. Lindley loc. cit.
Rosa lawranceana. Sweet hort. sub. lond. 119.
Rosa semperflorens; γ. minima. Curtis's magaz. 1762.
Rosa pusilla. Mauritius catal. 15?
[quotes description from "Rosarum Monographia"]
The species was named by Mr. Sweet in the "Hortus Suburbanus Londinensis" in compliment to Miss Lawrance, the fair artist, by whom "The Collection of Roses from Nature, with 90 plates" was executed.
The plant's being specifically distinct from Rosa semperflorens is much doubted among the cultivators of this genus. We ourselves have no opinion upon the subject.
The drawing was made at the nursery of Messrs. Colvill, in the King's Road, Chelsea.
The shrub requires nearly the treatment of the well-known ROSA semperflorens; being evidently not so hardy as the favourite ROSA indica.

(1824)  Page(s) tab 819.  Includes photo(s).
 
Paeonia cretica. Candian Paeony.
POLYANDRIA TRIGYNIA....
P. cretica, foliis sublucidis bullulatis coriaceis subtus glaucis tomentosis, foliolis obtusis planis intermedio bilobo v. integro, ovariis lanuginosis patentibus. Sabine MSS.
P. arietina, oxoniensis. Anderson in Linn. trans. 12. 275.
P. arietina, carnea. Dec.prodr. 1. 66.
P. cretica. Sabine MSS. Clus. hist. 1. p. 281. Dec. syst. 1. 394. no. 14.
...
This is principally characterized by its dwarf habit, early flesh-coloured flowers changing to nearly white, and shining, coriaceous, flat, blistered leaves, which are very glaucous beneath.
We have lately had many opportunities of examining the genus Paeonia, and of considering the various forms of it in a living state; and we cannot bring ourselves to any other conclusion than this: that, of the supposed species which have been adopted in recent publications, nearly the whole of which we have repeatedly compared, the following only can be considered distinct. The practised eye may, indeed, distinguish them, as it can the varieties of other cultivated plants; but their differences are not tangible, nor limits to those differences assignable.
1. P. Mouton. Hort. Kew.
2. P. corallina. Retzius.
3. P. officinalis. Pall.
ß P. lobata. DC. Prodr. No. 5.
4. P. daurica. Anderson.
5. P. tenuifolia. Linn.
6. P. hybrida. DC. Prodr. No. 7.
7. P. anomala. Linn.
8. P. albiflora. Pall.
9. P. Russi. DC. Prodr. No. 10. This we have not seen.
10. P. humilis. Retz. Differs from P. arietina, chiefly in its smooth capsules.
11. P. arietina. Anderson.
ß. P. cretica. Sabine.
γ. P. peregrina. Hort. Kew.
δ. P. paradoxa. Anderson.
ε. P. decora. Anderson.
12. P. mollis. i>Anderson.

A hardy perennial plant, said to be a native of Candia, of easy cultivation. It is common in collections, and the earliest Paeony in blossom. Our drawing was taken at the garden of the Horticultural Society in April last.

Stems 1 1/2 or 2 feet high, simple, erect, leafy, obtusely angular, quite smooth at base, a little pubescent towards the top. Leaves erect, biternate, flat, yellowish - green, opaque, above smooth rugose, beneath glaucous pubescent; common stalk rounded, pubescent at the base, channelled above, about four inches long; partial stalks pubescent, rounded, the lateral being shorter: lateral leaflets oblique, decurrent at base, those of the middle segment oval, of the lateral segments ovate-lanceolate; intermediate leaflets oval-lanceolate, entire, or 2-lobed. Flowers erect, standing above the leaves, pale flesh-colour, changing to white. Peduncle rounded, striated, three inches long, pubescent at the end, having a little below the flower a lanceolate spreading half-folded-together bract. Calyx of 5 sepals, somewhat hairy; the outer small, ovate, leafy at end, spatulate; the others rounded-ovate, shell-shaped, veiny, a little coloured, with a membranous coloured edge; the inner sepals much the largest. Petals delicate, crumpled. Ovaries 2, spreading, woolly; stigma compressed, curled backwards, pink. J. L. [John Lindley]

(1815)  Page(s) tab. 42.  Includes photo(s).
 
Paeonia albiflora β. Esculent Paeony....
.....A hardy herbaceous perennial plant, native of the furthermost parts of Siberia. The root, which consists chiefly of a fascicle of parallel cylindrically tuberous fibres, is said, in the " Flora rossica," to be used by some of the Tartar tribes, as an article of food; and its seed reduced to powder, as an ingredient of their tea. The bloom of the present variety is large and showy, diffusing a very powerful, and to some people not unpleasant scent. ...The drawing was made from specimens for which we have to thank Mr. Sabine, of Edward Street, Cavendish Square.

[Legend to the drawing] a The calyx, b A stamen, c The pistillums, d The perigynous membrane.

(1820)  Page(s) tab 474.  Includes photo(s).
 
PAEONIA mollis. Downy-leaved Paeony.
...Paeonia. Supra vol. 5. fol . 379.
P. mollis, foliolis ovali-lanceolatis planis lobatis imbricatis subtùs caesiopilosis, lateralibus subsessilibus, germinibus tomentosis rectis. Anderson in trans, linn. soc. 12. 282.
Paeonia mollis. Sweet hort. sub. lond. 124.
Paeonia villosa. Desfont. cat. h. par. ed. 1. 126? (si ita sit malè à Decandollaeo ad Paeoniam humilem relata.)
Radicis fibre longa, tuberibus longis terminate. Caulis pedalis et ultra, rigidus, strictus, pilosiusculus, densè foliosus. Petioli breves, suprà glabri, subtùs pilosiusculi; partiales undique pilosi. Folia dodrantalia, inaqualitèr subtriternata, complanata, horizontalia, saturate caeruleo-viridia. Foliola lateralia, subsessilia, extùs decurrentia, profundè lobata, lato-lanceolata, plana, obtusa, imbricato-congregata venis fuscis parallelis, subtùs densè pilosa, glauca; suprà glabra, nitidiuscula. Bracteae foliacea, integra v. incisae. Calycis foliola obtusa, exteriora pubescentia, integra. Germina 2-3 rectiuscula, adpressa, apice distantia, mollitèr pubescentia pilis ferrugineis. Semina aequalitèr ovata rugosiuscula, nitida. Anderson in loco citato.

"Although the Paeony here given is perhaps the least beautiful of that splendid genus, yet as it has not been any where described except in the place referred to, nor been figured in any publication, we feel ourselves authorized to lay it before our readers."
"Mr. Sabine, from whose collection the plant was described by the late Mr. George Anderson, procured it from Messrs. Loddiges and Sons, under the erroneous name of anomala (denoting a very distinct species); it had been cultivated some years in the nursery at Hackney, having been raised from seeds sent to the proprietors by Professor Pallas. It flowers in the month of May, and is probably a native of the southern districts of the Russian Empire, in or bordering upon the Crimea."
"The Downy-leaved Paeony is easily distinguished from its congeners by dwarf growth and rigid habit, by the peculiar crowding and overlapping of the lobes of the foliage, the upper surface of which is of a dark opaque green, and the under very glaucous and woolly. The flowers are a dark purplish red, and appear imbedded in the leaves.
"PAEONIA villosa of the French Gardens seems to be a variety of this species, and consequently is improperly referred by Desfontaines in the Catalogue of the plants of the Royal Garden at Paris to Paeonia humilis." Sabine MSS.
We have to thank Mr. Sabine, the Secretary of the Horticultural Society, for the liberal permission to engrave the annexed drawing by Mr. Hooker, and also for the communication of the above account of this nearly unnoticed species.
"Linnaeus remarks, that though the most natural number of the germens in this genus is, in his opinion at least, two, they are often more numerous; but he thinks they scarcely ever amount to five. Some newly discovered species however contradict this, and indeed most of the old ones afford reasons, at one time or other, for the union of the Linnean Orders from Digynia to Pentagynia, in the Class Polyandria, into one; which is sanctioned also by Delphinium, Aconitum and others." Smith in Reess cyclop. in loco.
The type of the genus seems confined to the northern hemisphere. No species has been observed in America.