(1797)  Page(s) Vol. 1, pl. 71.  Includes photo(s).
 
CLEMATIS VIORNA. Blue thick-petal'd Virgins Bower,
CLASS XIII. ORDER VII.
POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA. Many Chives. Many Pointals.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Perianthium. Calyx nullus. Petala quatuor, oblonga, laxa. Stamina. Filamenta plurima, subulata, corolla breviora. Antherae lateri filamentorum adnatae. Pistillum. Germlna plurima, subrotunda, compress definentia in stylos subulatos, staminibus longiores. Stigmata simplicia. Pericarpium nullum. Receptaculum capitatum, parvum. Semina plurima, subrotunda, compressa, stylo (figura varia) instructa.
Empalement. Cup None. Blossom. Petals four, oblong, flexible. Chives. Threads many, awl-shaped, shorter than the blossom. Tips fixed to the sides of the threads. Pointal. Seed-buds many, nearly round, flattened, ending in awl-shaped shafts, longer than the chives. Summits simple. Seed-vessel none. Receptacle forming a round head, and small.Seeds many, roundish, flattened, retaining the shaft, which is varioufly shaped.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Clematis foliis compositis decompositlsque; foliolis quibusdam trifidis; floribus violaceis, coriaceis.
Virgin's Bower, with compound and doubly compound leaves; some of the little leaves spllt into three; flowers blue, and tough.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE:
1. The Chives, and Pointals; the petals being removed.
2. The Pointals.
3. A Chive (magnified).
4. A Pointal (magnified).
5. A Seed nearly ripe, (natural size).

Doubts have been entertained, among some botanists, whether this plant is the Clematis viorna of Linnaeus, as given by him, with various synonims, in his Sp. Plan. By collating different specific characters from the synonims adopted by him, we have no hesitation in our decision. Being a native of Virginia and Carolina, it is not so hardy as some others from the northern parts of Europe or America; but nevertheless, is not killed by our winters, as it is herbaceous, and not making its shoots till late. In a warm situation against a wall or trellis, it will begin to blossom in July, and continue to flower till destroyed by the frost. As yet it is rather scarce in our gardens, being but of a late introduction, though long known by description. Our figure is taken at the Hammersmith nursery, where it is in high perfection, being planted in a mixture of loam and peat earth: it is most readily increased, by parting the roots in spring; as seeds seldom come to maturity in this climate.

(1804)  Page(s) Vol. 6, pl. 402.  Includes photo(s).
 
CLEMATIS FLORIDA. Large-flowered Virgin s Bower.
CLASS XIII. ORDER VI.
POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA. Many Chives. Many Pointals.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
Calyx nullus. Petala quatuor, rarius quinque. Semina caudata.
Empalement none. Petals four, rarely five. Seeds tailed.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
Clematis, foliis decompositis, foliolis binatis ternatisque, petalis ovatis. Willd. Sp. Pl. 2. 1287.
Clematis, with decompound leaves, leaflets in twos and threes, and egg-shaped petals.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A petal. 2. The chives and pointals. 3. The pointals.

The large-flowered Virgin's Bower was introduced into the English gardens, in the year 1776, from Japan; of which country it is a native; and possesses by much the largest and most showy flowers in the whole genus.
Although introduced so Long since, it is not often met with. Our drawing was made from very fine plant in the collection of Messrs. Colvill, Nurserymen in the King's Road, in the month of July last; where they made an exceeding fine appearance.
Like many Japanese plants, it is found capable of resisting the severity of our ordinary winters, without receiving much injury.
It thrives best when trained against a wall or other fence, planted in rich soil; and is usually propagated by laying down the lowest branches in a careful manner; which take root in due time, and may then be safely separated from the mother plant.

(1797)  Page(s) Vol. 1, pl. 64.  
 
PÆONIA ALBIFLORA. White Pæony.
CLASS XIII. ORDER II.
POLYANDRIA DIGYNIA. Many Chives, Two Pointals
GENERIC CHARACTER,
Calyx. Perianthium pentaphyllum, parvum, persistens 3 foliolis subrotundis, concavis, reflexis, inequalibus magnitudine et situ. Corolla. Petala quinque, subrotunda, concava, basi angustiora, patentia, maxima. Stamina. Filamenta numerosa, capillaria. Antherae oblongae, quadrangulae, erectoe, quadriloculares, magnae. Pistillum. Germina duo, ovata, erecta, tomentosa. Styli nulli. Stigmata compressa, obtusa, colorata. Pericarpium. Capsulae oblongae, acuminatae, reflexo-patentes, tomentosae, uniloculares, univalves, longitudinaliter introrsum dehiscentes, Semina plura, ovalia, nitida, colorata, faturae dehiscenti affixa.
Empalement. Cup five-leaved, small, and remaing; leaves roundish, concave, bent back, and unequal both in size and situation. Blossom. Petals five, roundish, concave, smaller at the base, spreading, and very large. Chives. Threads numerous, and hair-like. Tips oblong, four-sided, upright, with four cells, and large. Pointal. Seed-buds two, egg-shaped, upright, and downy. Shaft none. Summits flattened, oblong, blunt, and coloured. Seed-vessel. Capsules oblong, tapered, bent back, and spreading, downy, of one cell, and one valve, splitting lengthways from the inner part. Seeds many, oval, shining, coloured, and fixed to the suture where it splits.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Pæonia foliis lobatis, nitentibus; corollis albidis; germinibus ternis, vel quaternis.
Pæony with leaves divided into lobes, and shining; blossoms white; seed-buds three, or four.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Empalement, Chives, and Pointals. 2. A Thread and its Tip (magnified). 3. The Seed-vessels. 4. A Seed.

This new species of Pæony is a native of Mongol Tartary, and the parts adjacent; of course, is sufficiently hardy to endure our severest winters. It has been described by Gmelin, in his Flora Sibirica; and figured by Dr. Pallas, in his Flora Rossica, under the specific title it here bears. J. Bell, Esq. of Isleworth, procured some plants of it from St. Petersburg, about the year 1791; where it had been introduced by Dr. Pallas fome time before, when on his travels through Tartary. It form a handsome, upright growing, herbaceous plant; the flowers standing much above the foliage, are much handsomer before they are expanded, than when fully so; as the under part of the petals are tinged with red, which contrasted with the purity of the white of the other parts, renders them at that period extremely beautiful. The figure was taken at the nursery of Messrs. Lee and Kennedy, this year, in the month of June, during which month it is in perfection. Like the rest of the Pæonies, it is easily propagated by the root; requiring little attention in its cultivation, as it will live in almost any soil or situation.

(1808)  Page(s) Vol. 8, pl. 514.  Includes photo(s).
 
PAEONIA ANOMALA. Anomalous-leaved Pceony.
CLASS XIII. ORDER V.
POLYANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. Many Chives. Five Pointals.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
Calyx 5-phyllus. Petala 5. Styli 0. Capsulae polyspermae.
Cup 5-leaved. Petals 5. Pointal none. Capsules many-seeded.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
PAEONIA foliis biternatis, multlpartitis: foliolis lanceolatis, undulatis, glabris : corollis laete purpureis, depressis : capsulis glabris. Habitat in totà Sibiria.
PEONY with biternate leaves, many-parted, Leaflets lance-shaped, waved, and smooth. Blossom of a bright purple, depressed. Capsules smooth. Native throughout Siberia.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The empalement shown from the outer side. 2. Seed-buds, chives, and pointals.

Our figure represents a fine and at present very rare species of Paeony, not only ornamental in its flowers, but useful in its roots, which are eaten by the Mongolians in Tartary, at their meals, as vegetables. It flowered for the first time in this country in the month of July 1807 in the garden of Mr. J. Bell, near Brentford.

(1806)  Page(s) Vol. 7, pl. 486.  Includes photo(s).
 
PAEONIA DAURICA. Dauric Paeony.
CLASS XIII. ORDER II.
POLYANDRIA DIGYNIA. Many Chives. Two Pointals
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER,
Calyx 5-phyllus. Petala 5. Stylus 0. Capsulae polyspermae.
Cup 5-leaved. Petals 5. Pointal none. Capsules many-seeded.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
PAEONIA foliis pinnatis : foliolis sub-ovatis, glaucis : floribus rubro-purpureis : caulis herbaceus, bipedalis.
PAEONY with winged leaves: the leaflets are nearly egg-shaped, and glaucous : flowers of a red purple : stem herbaceous, and about two feet high.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The empalement and seed-buds. 2. A chive. 3. The seed-buds as they appear when the seeds are nearly perfect

This fine Paeony is at present a scarce plant; nor is there any figure of it extant, if not in the Flora Russica of Dr. Pallas. The specimen our figure represents was received from Mr J. Bell, who raised it from seed, and with whom it has flowered for the first time in this country. It may with propriety be ranked among the most attractive of the herbaceous species. The flowers expand in the early part of summer ; and from the cold climate whence it is indigenous, little doubt need be entertained of its resisting our winter, if it can but endure the sudden changes of weather to which this island is subject; a transition that frequently proves more fatal to plants the natives of a cold northern clime, than to those of southern origin.

(1804)  Page(s) Vol. 6, tab 373.  Includes photo(s).
 
PAEONIA suffruticosa. Shrubby Paeony.
CLASS XIII. ORDER V.
POLYANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. Many Chives. Five Pointals
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
Calyx 5-phyllus. Petala 5. Styli 0. Capsulae polyspermy.
Cup 5 -leaved. Petals 5. Pointal none. Capsules many-seeded.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &c.
PAEONIA, foliolis subtus glaucis et villosis, capsulis sericeis, caule suffruticoso.
PAEONY, with leaflets glaucous and villose beneath, capsules silky, and shrubby stem.

PAEONIA officinalis. Thunb. Fl Jap. 230.— Loureir. Fl Cochin. 1. 343.

Descriptio. Suffrutex 3-pedalis et ultra, ramosus. Rami erectiusculi, cortice subfusco; ramulis erectis laevibus, apicem versus viridibus, pauloque pubescentibus. Folia alterna, bipinnata, pedalia et ultra, horizontalia; superiora adscendentia; petiolis amplexicaulibus, canaliculatis, villis perpaucis saepe instructs, canaliculâ petiolorum semper Iaetissime roseâ : pinnae 2-4, petiolatae; pinnulae saepe 3, sessiles, infimae opposite, tertia terminalis ; omnes basi oblique cuneatae, superne irregulariter inciso-dentatae ; supra virides, venosae, nudae, subtus glaucae, nervosae, villosae. Flores speciosissimi ut in affinibus, sed in nostris exemplaribus pleni, rosei. Capsulae sericeo-pubescentes.

The Paeonia suffruticosa is perhaps the most showy and desirable species, in this short but magnificent genus of plants. To the striking peculiarity of a shrubby stem. it unites the advantages of superior size; a profusion of flowers; and a facility of culture which ensures an annual succession of them : no wonder, therefore, that it is assiduously sought after by all who admire the beauties of Flora.
The shrubby Paeony was introduced into Britain in the year 1794, from China; where, as well as in Japan, many varieties of it are said to be common in almost every garden. We conceive it to be extremely distinct as a species, from the P. officinalis of all authors except Thunberg and Loureiro; yet Professor Willdenow has not enumerated it in his Edition of Species Plantarum. Although introduced so long since, it is still rare; and must be treated as a very hardy green-house plant : indeed it succeeds best when planted in the earth and protected by a glass case; is propagated by slipping the roots, and by cuttings. All the plants hitherto received from China have double flowers; and among them are two varieties; the rosy one here figured, from the Clapham collection; and another with purplish petals, the bases of which are of a still deeper colour. Flowers in April, making a very fine appearance; but is nearly scentless.

(1810)  Page(s) Vol. 10, pl. 612.  Includes photo(s).
 
PAEONIA ALBIFLORA, flore pleno. Tartarian Paeony, double-flowered variety.
CLASS XII. ORDER II.— V.
POLYANDRIA DIGYNIA ad P ENTAGYNIAM. Many Chives. Two to Five Pointals.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Calyx 5-phyllus. Petala 5. Styli 0. Capsulae polyspermae.
Cup five-leaved. Petals 5. Shafts none. Capsules many-seeded.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
PAEONiA foliis biternatis, folLolis ovato-lanceolatis integris nudis, capsulis recurvatis glabris. Willd. Sp. Pl vol. 2. p. 1222.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1 . The empalement and pointals.

The single-flowered Paeonia albiflora we have already figured in our first volume (Plate 64.), but never heard of the double variety until we found it in the nursery of Mr. Whitley, who informs us that he raised the plant from seeds received from Mr. Livingstone, surgeon, (in 1808,) who brought them from China under the title of the yellow Paeony. It bloomed last year with only three flowers, but has this year produced five elegant blossoms. Its great beauty certainly entitles it to a place in every flower-garden and curious collection. We shall only add to our former account of this fine species of Paeony above referred to, that Professor Pallas mentions in his Flora Rossica that the roots are used as food in Mongolia, where the plant grows naturally wild, being boiled and eaten by the Tartars, who also powder the seeds to mix with their tea.

(1806)  Page(s) Vol. 7, tab 463.  
 
PAEONIA PAPAVERACEA. Poppy-like Paeony.
CLASS XIII. ORDER VI.
POLYANDRIA HEX AG YN I A. Many Chives. Six Pointals.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
Calyx 5-phyllus. Petala 5. Styli 0, Capsulae polyspermae.
Cup 5-leaved. Petals 5. Pointal none. Capsules many-seeded.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
PAEONIA caule suffruticoso ramoso : folia alternatim bipinnata, subtus glauca : petiolis longis, canaliculatis, amplexicaulibus : floribus semi-duplicibus, albis, ad basin eleganter purpureo radiatis : capsula orbiculata, continens sex loculamenta, in quibus singulis sunt duo semina.
PAEONY with a shrubby stem branching beneath: leaves alternately two-winged, and glaucous beneath, with long footstalks, channelled, and embracing the stem. Flowers semi-double, white, but elegantly radiated at the base with a purple colour: capsule orbicular, containing six cells, with two seeds in each.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE
1. The seed-vessel. 2. The same cut transversely.

For this beautiful species of Paeonia we are indebted to Lady Hume, whose select collection at Wormlev-bury, Herts, it flowered for the first time in this country. When we figured the fine purple variety, we little thought of having so soon to compare it with a rival of such magnitude, and of equal beauty. The bright radiated purple at the base is a great relief to the surrounding whiteness of the petals, that would otherwise stand in much greater need of asiistance of art for a strength of shadow, that would unavoidably injure their delicacy. The more we become acquainted with this attractive genus, the greater latitude of growth we find attached to it, which appears to defy all systematic rule, varying in some species from Digynia, or two pointals, up to six or more. The present one differs more than all the rest, having six pointals and seed-buds attached together, and enshrined within a globular exterior, resembling a Poppy, and from whence we have drawn its specific title; for, as a distinct species it may certainly be considered with great propriety ; and most likely the distinction will by some be thought of sufficient consequence to license a generic division : but in a genus so mutable, were the Alteration still greater, whilst it could be recognised as a Paeony, we should regret to meet it under any other title.

(1806)  Page(s) Vol. 7, tab 448.  Includes photo(s).
 
PAEONIA SUFFRUTICOSA ; Var.flore purpurea. Shrubby Paeony ; Purple-flowered Variety.
CLASS XIII. ORDER V.
POLYANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. Many Chives. Five Pointals.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
Calyx 5-phyllus. Petala 5. Styli 0. Capsulae polyspermae.
Cup 5-leaved. Petals 5. Pointal none. Capsules many-seeded.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Paeonia caule suffruticoso, tripedali, ramoso: folia alternatim bipinnata, pedalia et ultra, bifida et trinda, subtus glauca : petiolis longis, canaliculars, amplexicaulibus : floribus semi-duplicibus, purpureis, splendentibus.
Peony with a shrubby stem, three feet high, and branching: leaves alternately two-winged, a foot or more in length, two-or three-cleft, glaucous benetah; the petioles are Long, channelled, and embracing the stem: flowers semi-double, purple, and very splendid.
This elegant plant is the purple variety mentioned in our last Vol. Pl. 373. and flowered at the same time, with completely double flowers, and so equal in point of beauty, that we hesitated some time before we could determine to which we should give preference. But had we seen the purple one in its present semi-double state, it would undoubtedly have claimed precedence, as well from its preserved botanical character, as its superior beauty. The singular versatility of These plants we were entirely unacquainted with when we figured the rose-coloured one; as, since that period, we have seen them in bloom with single flowers, the following year with double ones; and again the year after we found this purple one in the semi-double state which our figure represents, the plant then bearing five-and-twenty flowers in full perfection, forming a coup-d'oeil superior to any shrub we have ever seen.