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'Cardinal de Richelieu' rose References
Newsletter  (May 2015)  Page(s) 25.  
 
[From "Suckering Roses Revisited", by Darrell g.h. Schramm, pp. 23-27]
The Gallica hybrids, such as ‘Belle de Crecy (pre-1829), ‘Cardinal de Richelieu’ (1840), and ‘Charles de Mills’ (pre-1790) sucker somewhat thickly, sometimes reproducing themselves as though marching in a phalanx or military band on parade. As such, they create huge, long bushes.
Article (magazine)  (2009)  Page(s) 31.  
 
Cardinal de Richelieu  Source RJBM [Réal Jardin Botanico Madrid] Chromosome Number 21
Article (magazine)  (2006)  Page(s) 71.  
 
ʻCardinal de Richelieuʼ and ʻHermosaʼ, whose proper apportionment to Hybrid China or Gallica (ʻCardinal de Richelieuʼ) and to Hybrid China or Bourbon (ʻHermosaʼ) is uncertain, clustered in the Rosa section and thus may indeed belong to the Gallica and Bourbon groups, respectively.
Book  (2002)  Page(s) 30.  
 
Hybrid Gallica. Rated 7.8
Book  (2000)  Page(s) 144.  Includes photo(s).
 
‘Cardinal de Richelieu/’Cardinal Richelieu’/’Rose van Sian’ = Gallique. Toujours aussi apprécié depuis plus d’un siècle et demi, c’est l’un des plus généreux des galliques… description… Il gagne à être nourri, taillé et éclairci. Richelieu (1585-1642) fut un ministre de Louis XIII. Parmentier, Belgique, avant 1847.
Website/Catalog  (4 Jan 1999)  Page(s) 20.  Includes photo(s).
Book  (Dec 1998)  Page(s) 144.  Includes photo(s).
 
Cardinal de Richelieu Gallica. Parmentier (Belgium) pre-1847. Description...
Book  (Nov 1998)  Page(s) 21.  
 
Cardinal de Richelieu Gallica. Description. One of the darkest of all roses... deep purple... responds well to severe pruning.
Website/Catalog  (24 Oct 1998)  Page(s) 31.  Includes photo(s).
Book  (Jul 1998)  Page(s) 204.  Includes photo(s).
 
Cardinal de Richelieu Gallica. Parmentier (Belgium), before 1847. Joyaux cites Van Houtte's catalog of 1851 as the source for this information. He also says this rose is not to be confused with the Hybrid China, 'Richelieu' (Verdier 1845), or the Hybrid Remontant, 'Cardinal de Richelieu' (Trouillard, 1857).
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