(1919)  Page(s) 419.  
 
R. ARKANSANA, Porter. ARKANSAS ROSE.
(R. blanda var. arkansana. Best.)
A small bush, under 3 ft. high, whose steins are densely covered with fine straight prickles. Leaflets five to eleven, oval or obovate, tapering at the base, ½  to 1 in. long, simply and sharply toothed, smooth or very slightly downy. Flowers in clusters or solitary, 1½ ins. wide, pink ; sepals smooth or slightly downy, with long narrow points. Fruit ½ in. in diameter, smooth, globose, red, crowned with the spreading sepals.
Native of the central United States. It has been placed as a variety of R. blanda, but its weaker habit, its densely prickly stems, and spreading (not erect) sepals on the fruit distinguish it.
 

(1919)  Page(s) 421.  
 
R. BLANDA, Aiton. SMOOTH or MEADOW ROSE.
A shrub 4 to 6 ft. high, whose stems are quite unarmed or furnished with a few slender, scattered, straight prickles. Leaves 2 to 5 ins. long, with smooth broad stipules and a smooth or slightly downy stalk ; leaflets usually five or seven, obovate, narrowed towards the base, ¾ to 2½ ins. long, shortly stalked, commonly quite smooth, sometimes downy, simply toothed. Flowers in clusters of three to seven or often solitary, 2½ to 3 ins. across, rosy pink ; sepals 1 in. long, lanceolate, entire, with narrowly expanded tips, downy and sometimes bristly. Fruit globose or pear-shaped, red, 1/3 to ½ in. wide, crowned with erect and persistent sepals.
Widely spread in N. America from Canada and the eastern United States to the western States ; introduced in 1773. A handsome rose and one of the largest flowered of the purely wild types. It bears a close general resemblance to R. nutkana, but the often stout and hooked spines of the latter set in pairs at the base of each leaf-stalk afford a ready distinction.
 

(1919)  Page(s) 421.  
 
R. CALIFORNICA, Chamisso.
A shrub 5 to 8 ft. high, the stems armed with stout, hooked prickles. Leaves 3 to 5 ins. long, common stalk downy ; leaflets usually five or seven, oval or ovate, 1 to 1½ ins. long, smooth or slightly downy above, downy beneath, especially on the midrib and nerves, simply toothed. Flowers about 1½ ins. across, pink, frequently over a dozen in a cluster; stalk and calyx-tube smooth; sepals ½ in. or more long with expanded tips, sometimes smooth, sometimes downy. Fruit globose or slightly elongated, 1/3 to ½ in. wide, contracted into a prominent neck below the persisting erect sepals.
Native of Western N. America from British Columbia to California. It differs from R. pisocarpa in the hooked spines, more numerous flowers in a cluster, and larger fruit. It is represented in gardens by a very pretty double-flowered variety FLORE PLENO, and a dwarf one NANA.

(1919)  Page(s) 421.  
 
R. californica....is represented in gardens by a very pretty double-flowered variety FLORE PLENO, and a dwarf one NANA.

(1919)  Page(s) 421.  
 
R. californica....is represented in gardens by a very pretty double-flowered variety FLORE PLENO, and a dwarf one NANA.

(1919)  Page(s) 430.  
 
R. HUMILIS, Marshall. PASTURE ROSE.
A bush rarely more than 2 ft. high, the stems slender, sometimes straggling, and armed with a pair of spines at the leaf-bases, and with more or less numerous scattered bristles. Leaflets five to nine, thin, ovate or narrowly oval, ¾ to 1½ ins. long, toothed except near the base, glossy green, usually smooth, sometimes downy beneath. Flowers 2 to 2¾ ins. wide, pink, produced often singly, sometimes a few in a cluster; flower-stalk and calyx more or less glandular-hairy. Fruit globose, 1/3 in. wide, red, with the sepals fallen away when ripe.
Native of Eastern N. America, especially in the mountains of the south-eastern States, where in many districts it is very abundant. According to Prof. Sargent, it is found growing in the shade of the forest often in rich soil. It is allied to virginiana, but is far from being so sturdy and satisfactory a plant under cultivation, besides being much dwarfer and its foliage more sparse. It is sometimes confused with R. nitida, which it resembles in dwarfness of habit, but its stems are never so copiously furnished with bristly prickles nor are its leaves so shiny.
Var. TRILOBA has three-lobed petals (Garden and Forest, 1889, fig. 93).

(1919)  Page(s) 422-423.  
 
R. CAROLINA, Linnaeus.
A shrub 4 to 6 ft. high, with crowded, erect stems forming dense thickets ; prickles hooked or straight, usually in pairs at the base of the leaf. Leaves 3 or 4 ins. long, with generally seven leaflets, which are dull green above, grey beneath, narrowly oval, ovate or obovate, 1 to 1½ ins. long, one-third as wide, finely and simply toothed, more or less downy beneath. Flowers 2 to 2½ ins. across, deep purplish rose, fragrant, produced in clusters on glandular stalks ; sepals 1 to 1½ ins. long, long-pointed, glandular and downy. Fruit red, globose, or orange-shaped, 1/3 in. wide, glandular-hairy, with the sepals fallen away.
Native of Eastern N. America ; introduced in 1726. This pretty rose is useful for forming close thickets in the wilder parts of the garden or in thin woodland, flowering from June to August. In good ground it spreads rapidly by underground suckers. It is similar in habit to R. virginiana (lucida) and humilis, but is easily distinguished from both by its finely toothed leaflets, the absence of any bristly spines on the stems, and from virginiana especially by the dull green of its leaves.

(1919)  Page(s) 423.  
 
Rosa Carolina....Var. NUTTALLIANA. Flowers larger, and produced up to September some weeks later than the type. Put in commerce by Messrs Paul of Cheshunt about 1893.

(1919)  Page(s) 425.  
 
R. ENGELMANNII, S. Watson.
(Garden and Forest, 1899, fig. 121.)
A shrub 3 to 4 ft. high, with erect stems sometimes densely covered with straight, slender prickles, sometimes unarmed. Leaves composed of usually five or seven leaflets which are oval or ovate, ¾ to 1¼ ins. long, about half as wide, the coarse teeth gland-tipped and often again toothed ; upper surface smooth, lower one downy, especially on the midrib and veins ; stipules dilated and edged with resinous, glandular teeth. Flowers usually solitary, rarely two or three together, 1½ to 2¼ ins. across, bright rose ; the stalk and calyx-tube smooth. Sepals entire, ¾ to 1 in. long, sometimes dilated at the tip, becoming erect after the petals fall, and persisting on the fruit. Fruit bright red, egg-shaped, up to 1 in. long.
Native of Central and Western N. America ; introduced in 1891. This rose is very nearly allied to R. acicularis, and is now generally regarded as a geographical form of that species, which belongs essentially to the Old World. Engelmann's rose differs from acicularis in the frequent occurrence of a pair of slender spines below the stipules, and in the double, glandular teeth. The fruit also is more tapered at the base and the young shoots less bristly.

(1919)  Page(s) 426.  
 
R. FOLIOLOSA, Nuttall.
(Bot. Mag., t. 8513.)
A shrub usually under 3 ft. in height, spreading by means of underground suckers ; stems clustered, erect, either unarmed or with a few straight, slender prickles. Leaflets seven to eleven, narrowly oblong, ¾ to 2 ins. long, smooth and glossy above, downy on the midrib beneath, toothed. Flowers bright pink, 2 to 2½ ins. across, fragrant, usually solitary on short stalks ; sepals ¾ to 1 in. long, bristly outside. Fruit red, bristly, orange-shaped, 1/3 to ½ in. wide, sepals spreading.
Native of the south-western United States, and distinct among American roses by reason of its oblong, rather narrow, forward-pointing leaflets, closely set on a common stalk. It is allied to virginiana, but is altogether smaller.